Whiplash

What is Whiplash?

Whiplash is a neck injury that occurs when your head suddenly moves backwards and then forwards, like the cracking of a whip. This rapid movement can injure the bones in your spine, discs between the bones, ligaments, muscles, nerves and other tissues of the neck. At Tangram Health, our team of Physiotherapists, Chiropractors, and Exercises Physiologists often see patients with whiplash, and have put together this guide to help people understand this condition by answering the common questions we get asked about the recovery and treatments.

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How is Whiplash classified?

Whiplash injuries are typically classified into different grades based on their severity:

• Grade 0: No complaints or physical signs
• Grade 1: Neck pain, stiffness or tenderness only, no physical signs
• Grade 2: Neck complaints and musculoskeletal signs (decreased range of motion and point tenderness)
• Grade 3: Neck complaints and neurological signs (decreased deep tendon reflexes, weakness and sensory deficits)
• Grade 4: Neck complaints and fracture or dislocation

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What are the symptoms of Whiplash?

The symptoms of whiplash can vary, but common signs include:

• Neck pain and stiffness
• Headaches, especially at the base of the skull
• Dizziness
• Blurred vision
• Fatigue
• Pain or tenderness in shoulders, upper back or arms
• Tingling or numbness in the arms
• Difficulty concentrating or remembering
• Irritability
• Sleep disturbances
• Ringing in the ears (tinnitus)

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What causes Whiplash?

Whiplash is most commonly caused by:

• Car accidents: Particularly rear-end collisions
• Sports injuries: Especially in contact sports like football or rugby
• Physical abuse or assault: Such as being punched or shaken
• Falls: Where the head is jolted backwards
• Amusement park rides: Particularly roller coasters or other rides with sudden stops

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How is Whiplash diagnosed?

When you visit one of our Tangram Health clinics with symptoms of whiplash, our healthcare professionals will use several methods to diagnose your condition:

1. Medical history: They'll ask about your symptoms, how the injury occurred, and your activity level.
2. Physical examination: Your physiotherapist or chiropractor will:
   • Check your neck's range of motion
   • Assess the degree of muscle spasm or tenderness
   • Test your reflexes, strength, and sensation in your limbs
3. Specific tests: They might perform tests like the Spurling's test or the distraction test.
4. Imaging tests: In some cases, X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs may be recommended to rule out other conditions or assess the extent of the injury.

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Do I need any scans for Whiplash?

While whiplash is usually diagnosed through just a history and physical examination, imaging tests can be helpful in some cases:

• X-rays: These can show if there are any fractures or dislocations in your neck.
• CT (Computed Tomography) scan: This can provide more detailed images of the bones and can detect more subtle fractures.
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): This gives a detailed view of the soft tissues, including ligaments, discs, and the spinal cord. It might be used if there's concern about disc or nerve injury.

At Tangram Health, our Physiotherapists and Chiropractors in Sydney can refer you for these scans if necessary and explain what the results mean for your condition and treatment.

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How is Whiplash treated?

Treatment for whiplash aims to manage pain, restore normal range of motion, and get you back to your regular activities. At Tangram Health, we offer a range of treatments, including:

• Pain management: Over-the-counter pain relievers or prescription medications may be recommended
• Ice or heat therapy: To reduce pain and inflammation
• Gentle exercises: Our Physiotherapists, Chiropractors and Exercise Physiologists can guide you through exercises to improve your neck's range of motion
• Manual therapy: Techniques like massage or mobilisation to improve neck mobility
• Posture correction: We can provide advice on maintaining good posture to reduce strain on your neck
• Neck support: A soft collar may be used for short periods in some cases
• Education: We'll teach you about your condition and how to manage it

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Is surgery required for Whiplash?

Surgery is rarely needed for whiplash injuries. It's only considered in severe cases where there's:

• A fracture or dislocation of the cervical spine
• Significant instability of the cervical spine
• Compression of the spinal cord or nerve roots causing persistent pain or neurological symptoms

If surgery is being considered, our Physiotherapists and Chiropractors in Sydney can help you understand the procedure, recommend some good neurosurgeons and orthopaedic surgeons who can perform these procedures, and guide you through the post-surgical rehabilitation process afterwards.

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How does exercise help Whiplash?

Exercise is a crucial part of recovering from whiplash. It helps to:

• Restore normal range of motion in your neck
• Strengthen the muscles that support your neck
• Improve posture
• Reduce pain and stiffness
• Prevent long-term complications

Our Physiotherapists, Chiropractors, and Exercise Physiologists at Tangram Health can design an exercise program tailored to your specific needs and stage of recovery. This might include:

• Gentle neck rotations and tilts
• Shoulder blade squeezes
• Isometric neck strengthening exercises
• Posture exercises

Remember, it's important to start gently and gradually increase the intensity of your exercises.

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How long does it take to recover from Whiplash?

Recovery time for whiplash can vary depending on the severity of the injury:

• Mild to moderate cases: Many people feel better within a few weeks to a few months
• More severe cases: Recovery can take 6 months or longer

It's important to note that everyone's recovery is different. Factors like your age, overall health, and how well you follow your treatment plan can all affect your recovery time.

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Can Whiplash lead to long-term problems?

While most people recover fully from whiplash, some may experience long-term or chronic symptoms. This is sometimes called "Late Whiplash Syndrome" and can include:

• Persistent neck pain and stiffness
• Headaches
• Dizziness
• Fatigue
• Cognitive difficulties (like problems with memory or concentration)

Early and appropriate treatment can help reduce the risk of long-term problems.

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When should I see someone about neck pain after an accident?

You should see a healthcare professional if:

• You have any neck pain or stiffness after an accident, even if it seems minor
• You experience any of the symptoms associated with whiplash
• Your symptoms don't improve after a few days
• You have severe pain, numbness, or weakness in your arms

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Take home message

Whiplash is a common but potentially serious neck injury that can have a significant impact on your daily life. However, with proper diagnosis and treatment, most people with whiplash can recover and return to their normal activities.

At Tangram Health, our team of experienced Physiotherapists, Chiropractors, and Exercise Physiologists can help you manage your whiplash injury. We offer a range of treatments and can provide personalised advice on exercises, posture, and lifestyle modifications to help you achieve a full recovery. Remember, early intervention is key in managing whiplash.

If you've been in an accident or are experiencing neck pain, don't hesitate to contact us at Tangram Health. We have clinics conveniently located on Mt Kuring-Gai, Asquith, Willoughby, Milsons Point, Dural, and Blacktown so you can get the right advice and treatment to recover from your whiplash injury.